Since impaired kidneys are unable to properly filter blood, an imbalance of calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood can result. This electrolyte imbalance can negatively affect bone health, leading to fragile, brittle bones that are easily fractured. 

Read more about this condition: Georgia Kidney and Hypertension Clinic 

Hematuria is when the patient has blood in their urine. Most patients become concerned when they can see the blood with their naked eye. This type of hematuria is called gross hematuria. However, sometimes there is blood present in urine that is not readily visible except when viewed under a microscope. This is aptly called microscopic hematuria.

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Read more about this condition: MayoClinic.org

Edema occurs when a patient is found to have swelling on some body part. This swelling is mainly found on a patient's arms, hands, feet, legs, and ankles. The swelling is caused by excess fluid accumulating in their body's tissues. The most frequent treatments prescribed for this condition include fluid & salt restriction and diuretic therapy, which involves administering water pills that cause patients to pee out salt and water. 

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When the glomerulus, known as the filter of the kidneys, is inflamed, it can prevent the kidneys from effectively filtering out toxins and other products that should be excreted into the urine. This can cause a build-up of toxins in the body.

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John Hopkins Medicine

When a patient is diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), it means that their kidneys are gradually losing ability to function. When kidneys are working properly, they are able to filter wastes from the blood. which otherwise would cause a dangerous buildup in the body. Many times, patients with this diagnosis decide to go on dialysis, a treatment that mimics the natural process of filtration that the kidneys perform. 

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End-Stage Renal Disease occurs in patients whose Chronic Kidney Disease has reached an advanced stage. At this point, the kidneys have lost the ability to function and nephrologists offer their patients various options for treatment ranging from most aggressive to a greater focus on a peaceful transition. These include dialysis, kidney transplant application, or symptom management.  

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Proteinuria occurs in patients who have abnormally high levels of protein present in their urine samples. This is usually an identifier of kidney disease. 

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Read more about this condition: WebMD.com 

Anemia is common amongst patients with chronic kidney disease because CKD affects the sufficient production of a hormone called erythropoietin (EPO). EPO stimulates our bone marrow to produce red blood cells. Therefore, low EPO causes a low red blood cell count, resulting in anemia.

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Another name for kidney stones is nephrolithiasis. Kidney stones form when the minerals and salts present in the urine crystallize due to their high concentration in a small amount of liquid. Kidney stones can sometimes be passed naturally through the urine with the help of ample hydration and prescribed medications. Other times, more intervention may be necessary.

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High blood pressure can oftentimes have no symptoms and go undiagnosed. It is caused by blood flow pushing against the walls of the arteries with too great a force. If this forceful blood flow persists, it can cause life-threatening events such as heart attacks and strokes. 

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ClevelandClinic.org